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Other note source Quiz 1:   Fullscreen Mode Quiz 2: Fullscreen Mode Electrical Circuits and Electrical Safety A Complete Guide for Grade 7 Students 17.1 Circuit Diagrams and Components Circuit diagrams use symbols to represent electrical components. This makes it easier to design and understand circuits. Symbol Name Function Cell Single battery (1.5V). Long line = positive (+), short line = negative (-) ...

Quiz 1: Fullscreen Mode Other Quiz Lines, Angles and Shapes - Theory and Formulas 3.1 Lines and Angles Types of Angles Angles can be classified based on their size: Type Size Example Acute angle Less than 90° 30°, 45°, 70° Right angle Exactly 90° Corner of a book Obtuse angle More than 90° but less than 180° 100°, 120°, 150° Reflex angle More than 180° but less than 360° 200°, 270°, 300° Special Pairs of Angles Complementary Angles: Two angles that add up to 90° . Supplementary Angles: Two angles that add up to 180° . Fundamental Angle Rules Angles on a Straight Line: The sum of angles on a straight line is 180° . ∑ ∠ on line = 180° Angles Around a Point: The sum of all angles around a single point is 360° . ∑ ...

Quiz 1:   Fullscreen Mode Chapter 16: Electrical Quantities – Theory and Formulas 16.1 Electric Charge Atoms contain: Protons – Positive charge Neutrons – No charge Electrons – Negative charge An atom is neutral when it has equal numbers of protons and electrons. Charging by Friction Electrons transfer from one material to another. The material that loses electrons becomes positively charged, and the one that gains electrons becomes negatively charged. Interaction of Charges Like charges repel Unlike charges attract Conductors and Insulators Conductors : Allow electrons to move freely (e.g., metals) Insulators : Hold electrons tightly (e.g., plastic, glass) 16.2 Electric Field An electric field is a region where a charge experiences a force. Field Line Directions Positive charge : Field lines point away Negative charge : Field lines point toward Field Strength Stronger where field lines are closer together. ...

Quiz 1:   Fullscreen Mode Other Quiz 🧪 METALS & REACTIVITY SERIES: Complete Theory & Formulas 🔬 I. FUNDAMENTAL THEORIES OF METALS 1.1 Electronic Theory of Metallic Bonding Sea of Electrons Model: Metals consist of a lattice of positive metal ions surrounded by a "sea" of delocalized electrons. This explains conductivity, malleability, and ductility. Metal Atom → Metal Ion⁺ + e⁻ M(s) → M⁺(aq) + e⁻ (general form) 1.2 Density Theory & Formula Density is a fundamental physical property that measures mass per unit volume. Density = Mass ÷ Volume ρ = m/V (g/cm³ or kg/m³) High Density Examples Gold: 19.3 g/cm³ Lead: 11.4 g/cm³ Copper: 8.9 g/cm³ ...

Quiz Other Quiz Using Moles - Complete Theory & Formulas Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry - Grade 9 1. The Mole Concept - Core Theory Definition of a Mole A mole is the amount of substance that contains as many elementary entities (atoms, molecules, ions) as there are atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12 . Avogadro's Constant N A = 6.022 × 10 23 mol -1 This means 1 mole of any substance contains 6.022 × 10 23 particles Key Principle: One mole of any substance contains the same number of particles, but the mass depends on the type of particle. 2. Fundamental Formulas 2.1 Mole-Mass Relationship Number of moles (n) = Mass (m) ÷ Molar mass (M) n = m/M Mass (g...

Quiz 1:   Fullscreen Mode Quiz 2:   Fullscreen Mode Fenomena Sederhana Magnetisme 15.1 Magnet dan Sifat-sifatnya Definisi Magnet Magnet adalah benda yang dapat menghasilkan gaya magnet sehingga mampu menarik atau menolak benda lain tanpa bersentuhan. Sifat Utama Magnet Menarik bahan magnetik (besi, baja, nikel, kobalt). Mempunyai dua kutub: Kutub Utara (N) dan Kutub Selatan (S) . Kekuatan terbesar ada di kutub-kutubnya. Jika digantung bebas, selalu sejajar utara–selatan bumi . Like poles repel (N–N atau S–S tolak-menolak) dan unlike poles attract (N–S tarik-menarik). Bahan Magnetik vs Non-magnetik Bahan Magnetik Bahan Non-magnetik Besi, Baja, Nikel, Kobalt Aluminium, Tembaga, Plastik, Kayu Induksi Magnet Bahan magnetik dapat menjadi magnet sementara ketika berada di dekat magnet. Proses ini disebut induksi ; kutub yang terbentuk selalu berlawanan dengan kutub mag...

Quiz 1:   Fullscreen Mode Chapter 12: Light Physics - Complete Guide Chapter 12: Light Physics - Complete Theory and Formulas Introduction to Light Light is a form of electromagnetic wave that allows us to see objects around us. Objects can be classified as: Luminous objects: Produce their own light (e.g., lamp, fire) Non-luminous objects: Reflect light from other sources (e.g., wall, picture) 12.1 Reflection of Light The Law of Reflection Two fundamental principles: The angle of incidence (i) equals the angle of reflection (r) The incident ray, reflected ray, and normal all lie in the same plane Law of Reflection Formula: i = r ...