Golden Education

Quiz:   Fullscreen Mode Other note source ⚛️ NUCLEAR MODEL OF THE ATOM 19.1 THE ATOM What is an Atom? ATOM = The smallest unit of a chemical element Structure of Atom ATOM = NUCLEUS + ELECTRONS Part Charge Location Mass Nucleus Positive (+) Center Almost all mass Electrons Negative (−) Orbit around nucleus Very small KEY FACT: Most of atom is EMPTY SPACE! Formation of IONS Neutral Atom: Number of Protons = Number of Electrons LOSE electrons → POSITIVE ION (+) GAIN electrons → NEGATIVE ION (−) Example: - Atom with 11 protons & 11 electrons = neutral - Loses 1 electron → 11 protons & 10 electrons = positive ion (+1) - Gains 1 electron → 11 protons & 12 electrons = negative ion (−1) Gold Foil Experiment (1911) Scientists: Geiger, Marsden, Rutherford Method: Shot alpha (α) particles at thin gold foil Results: Observation Conclusion Most α...

Other note source Quiz 1:   Fullscreen Mode ⚡ ELECTROMAGNETIC EFFECTS ⚡ 📖 Section 18.1: Electromagnetic Induction Definition Electromagnetic Induction is the process by which an induced electromotive force (e.m.f.) is produced in a conductor due to a changing magnetic field. Faraday's Discovery (1831) Michael Faraday discovered that a changing magnetic field produces an induced current in a conductor. This was the opposite of what was already known - that current produces a magnetic field. Faraday's Experiment Faraday's Electromagnetic Induction Experiment N S Coil G Bar Magnet Solenoid Galvanometer Observations from Faraday's Experiment Action Galvanometer Reading Magnet moves INTO coil Needle deflects in ONE direction ...

Other note source Quiz 1:   Fullscreen Mode Quiz 2: Fullscreen Mode Electrical Circuits and Electrical Safety A Complete Guide for Grade 7 Students 17.1 Circuit Diagrams and Components Circuit diagrams use symbols to represent electrical components. This makes it easier to design and understand circuits. Symbol Name Function Cell Single battery (1.5V). Long line = positive (+), short line = negative (-) ...

Quiz 1:   Fullscreen Mode Chapter 16: Electrical Quantities – Theory and Formulas 16.1 Electric Charge Atoms contain: Protons – Positive charge Neutrons – No charge Electrons – Negative charge An atom is neutral when it has equal numbers of protons and electrons. Charging by Friction Electrons transfer from one material to another. The material that loses electrons becomes positively charged, and the one that gains electrons becomes negatively charged. Interaction of Charges Like charges repel Unlike charges attract Conductors and Insulators Conductors : Allow electrons to move freely (e.g., metals) Insulators : Hold electrons tightly (e.g., plastic, glass) 16.2 Electric Field An electric field is a region where a charge experiences a force. Field Line Directions Positive charge : Field lines point away Negative charge : Field lines point toward Field Strength Stronger where field lines are closer together. ...